Results

Descriptives

Chico老師班上學生兩次考試成續的描述統計

Descriptives
	grade_test1	grade_test2
N	20	20
Missing	0	0
Mean	57.0	58.4
Median	57.7	59.7
Standard deviation	6.62	6.41
Minimum	42.9	44.6
Maximum	71.7	72.3

One Sample T-Test: DV is continuous data

One Sample T-Test
						95% Confidence Interval
		Statistic	df	p	Mean difference	Lower	Upper		Effect Size
improvement	Student's t	6.48	19.0	< .001	1.40	0.951	1.86	Cohen's d	1.45
Note. Hₐ μ ≠ 0

Normality Test (Shapiro-Wilk)
	W	p
improvement	0.966	0.678
Note. A low p-value suggests a violation of the assumption of normality

Paired Samples T-Test: DV is continuous data

Paired Samples T-Test
								95% Confidence Interval
			statistic	df	p	Mean difference	SE difference	Lower	Upper		Effect Size
grade_test2	grade_test1	Student's t	6.48	19.0	< .001	1.40	0.217	0.951	1.86	Cohen's d	1.45
Note. Hₐ μ _{Measure 1 - Measure 2} ≠ 0

Plots

grade_test2 - grade_test1

Linear Regression: DV is continuous data

Model Coefficients - improvement
			95% Confidence Interval
Predictor	Estimate	SE	Lower	Upper	t	p
Intercept	1.40	0.217	0.951	1.86	6.48	< .001
Intercept	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
Note. Linear model contains aliased coefficients (singular fit)

Paired Samples T-Test: DV is ranked data

Paired Samples T-Test
			Statistic		p
grade_test2	grade_test1	Wilcoxon W	188	ᵃ	< .001
Note. Hₐ μ _{Measure 1 - Measure 2} ≠ 0
ᵃ 1 pair(s) of values were tied

One Sample T-Test: DV is ranked data

One Sample T-Test
		Statistic	df	p
improvement_rank	Student's t	3.75	19.0	0.001
Note. Hₐ μ ≠ 0

Linear Regression: DV is ranked data

Model Coefficients - improvement_rank
Predictor	Estimate	SE	t	p
Intercept	7.80	2.08	3.75	0.001
Intercept	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN
Note. Linear model contains aliased coefficients (singular fit)

References

[1] The jamovi project (2022). jamovi. (Version 2.3) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org.

[2] R Core Team (2021). R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. (Version 4.1) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://cran.r-project.org. (R packages retrieved from MRAN snapshot 2022-01-01).